A recent study has brought some relief to older adults concerned about the long-term effects of antibiotic use on cognitive health. The research, which tracked healthy older individuals over a five-year period, found no association between antibiotic consumption and an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. This finding offers reassurance to elderly patients who rely on antibiotics to treat infections, as well as healthcare providers who prescribe them.
The study examined 13,571 participants, all of whom were initially free from dementia. Participants underwent cognitive testing at the start of the study, after one year, and biennially thereafter. Researchers split the participants into two groups: those who had taken antibiotics at least once during the first two years (63%) and those who had not. The results revealed no link between antibiotic use in this timeframe and subsequent cognitive decline.
Despite these encouraging findings, experts caution that the study's relatively short follow-up period limits its scope. Dementia and cognitive impairments often develop slowly over decades, making extended observation necessary to fully understand any potential long-term associations between antibiotics and cognitive health.
“While the study is promising, its limitation lies in the relatively short follow-up period. Future studies that examine the long-term effects of antibiotic use are essential to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Additionally, expanding research to include participants with pre-existing health conditions may offer further insights into antibiotic use and cognitive health across diverse populations.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) has noted that individuals over the age of 65 have the highest rate of antibiotic prescriptions, consuming 50% more antibiotics than younger adults. This demographic's increased susceptibility to infections often necessitates antibiotic treatment, which can lead to transient confusion known as delirium. However, experts emphasize that treating infections with antibiotics should not lead to concerns about developing dementia.
“Elderly patients with infections often become confused and this transient confusion from an infection is called delirium. Older people being treated with antibiotics should be reassured that using antibiotics will treat delirium and have no effect on getting dementia,” Segil told us.
To maintain cognitive health, researchers recommend engaging in mental stimulation and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Activities such as puzzles, reading, and social engagement are known to keep the brain active. Maintaining a nutritious diet is also crucial.
“Maintaining a healthy diet is crucial, with a focus on a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, helps support brain health. […] Additionally, prioritizing sleep and stress management by practicing good sleep hygiene and using relaxation techniques can benefit brain health.”— Steve Allder, MD
“Engaging in mental stimulation, like puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or participating in hobbies, keeps the brain active. Staying socially connected is also important, as social engagement through community activities promotes emotional and cognitive well-being,” he added.
In addition to lifestyle choices, experts advise older adults to seek opportunities for continuous learning and social interaction to enhance cognitive resilience.
“It is my opinion structure is important and I advise my retired patients to take classes at local universities. […] I think keeping your brain active, interacting with people, and staying up to date [is] very important. I also emphasize leaving your home is very healthy as it is important to get out, especially with all the modern technology and comforts of home.”
The study adjusted for various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. While current findings alleviate concerns about antibiotics contributing to cognitive decline in healthy older adults, responsible antibiotic use remains essential.
“The study clearly shows that antibiotic use does not increase the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia for healthy older adults. The results are encouraging, particularly given the prior concerns surrounding antibiotics and gut health. However, as always, antibiotics should be used responsibly and as prescribed by healthcare professionals.”
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