Researchers have been delving into the effects of GLP-1 agonists, a class of drugs initially developed for type 2 diabetes management, uncovering a range of potential benefits and minimal negative effects. Originally used to regulate blood sugar levels, these medications are now gaining popularity for weight loss, sparking interest in their broader impact on health. A comprehensive study analyzed medical records from over 2 million individuals using diabetes medications, including more than 215,000 patients on GLP-1 medications. Conducted from October 2017 through December 2023 via a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs database, the study explored 175 possible health outcomes related to these drugs.
Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly noted the increasing use of GLP-1 agonists, highlighting the need for thorough investigation into their effects.
“We saw skyrocketing utilization of GLP-1s, and we saw a few reports investigating one outcome or another,” – Ziyad Al-Aly, MD
The findings reveal that GLP-1 agonists offer substantial benefits beyond weight loss and diabetes control. Dr. Babak Firoozi expressed surprise and encouragement at the medication's positive impacts, particularly its role in reducing cognitive decline risk.
“I was surprised and encouraged about all the positive impact the medication has on patients, specifically in reducing risk of cognitive decline. It is becoming clear that the benefits of these medications go beyond weight loss and diabetes control. And, of course, safety is important as more and more indications to use this group of medications arise. The negative effects seem minimal.” – Babak Firoozi, MD
GLP-1 agonists have shown promise in helping individuals quit smoking by targeting brain centers responsible for impulse control and reward signaling. This dual benefit can address both obesity and smoking cessation simultaneously.
“I think there is clearly (an) added benefit for several conditions. For example, a person with obesity who also wants to quit smoking — getting GLP-1 may help that person hit two birds (with) one stone — simultaneously addressing obesity and also help them quit smoking. Clearly, the added benefits are welcome news,” – Ziyad Al-Aly, MD
The study's results align with clinical observations, suggesting that people experiencing significant weight loss report improved overall happiness and empowerment in managing their weight.
“This study confirms what we are seeing clinically. People with real weight loss are happier overall. They feel empowered that they can finally control their weight. Decreased obesity has long been linked with less inflammation in every body system.” – Kipnis
However, experts caution that taking GLP-1 agonists without proper nutritional education can be harmful. Ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration is crucial to prevent potential gastrointestinal and renal problems.
“GI problems and renal problems will always be seen if people are not eating correctly and maintaining hydration. If you take these medications without nutritional education, they can be harmful,” – Kipnis
The long-term use of GLP-1 agonists may potentially reduce reliance on other medications used to treat obesity-related conditions. Dr. Al-Aly emphasized the effectiveness of these drugs in promoting weight loss and improving overall health.
“These drugs will only become more common and will increase in use. They are very effective at causing weight loss and improving health. We have been prescribing many long-term drugs for hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, arthritis, reflux, and many other diseases without hesitation.” – Ziyad Al-Aly, MD
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