A recent study has unveiled promising results in the quest for effective treatments for type 2 diabetes, a condition that affects approximately 828 million adults globally, with about 90% of these cases being type 2. Researchers found that the combination of a commonly prescribed SGLT-2 inhibitor and a moderately calorie-restrictive diet yields higher remission rates than calorie restriction alone. This finding comes at a critical time, as diabetes remains an under-recognized disease that many people do not even realize they have.
Despite the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, only about 5% of individuals with the condition achieve remission. The implications of untreated diabetes extend beyond elevated blood sugar levels, impacting kidney function, heart health, and even increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. With ongoing research into new treatment options, the study highlights the importance of effective management strategies.
The study focused on SGLT-2 inhibitors, a class of medications that work by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys and promoting glucose loss through urine. These drugs have gained traction in treating type 2 diabetes and have been shown to assist with weight management—an important factor in achieving remission.
“SGLT-2 inhibits are a class of medications that inhibit glucose reabsorption from nephron and increase glucose loss from the urine,” – Xiaoying Li.
GLP-1 medications, like Ozempic and Zepbound, are also commonly used in treating type 2 diabetes. These medications have demonstrated a more substantial weight loss effect compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors. As researchers explore new treatments, some are investigating drugs that combine SGLT-2 inhibitors with GLP-1 receptor agonists. This combination may enhance treatment outcomes for patients.
Dr. Shafipour discussed the broader implications of diabetes management, stating, “Diabetes is on the rise, so it is a major health issue. It not only just impacts blood sugar but also kidney function, heart disease, Alzheimer's [disease risk], [the] eyes, nervous system, [and] neuropathy, so it almost encompasses, from head to toe, the entire body.”
Weight reduction plays a critical role in managing type 2 diabetes, especially for patients with overweight or obesity. Various approaches, including bariatric surgery and very low-calorie diets, have been associated with diabetes remission. The findings of this study suggest that integrating medication with dietary changes could significantly improve remission rates for those struggling with the condition.
Dr. Cheng emphasized the financial burden that untreated diabetes can impose on patients. He stated, “It can cause a significant health burden as well as financial burden if left untreated. It is important to obtain new treatments because of the significant financial burden that diabetes may present for patients.”
The urgency for new treatments cannot be overstated. Dr. Shafipour noted, “The more we can find efficient drugs before people go on insulin… if someone has been diabetic for too long [they] become insulin dependent.” By developing effective therapies early in the disease process, healthcare providers can help maintain pancreatic function and improve insulin sensitivity.
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