A recent study published in the journal Physiological Reports reveals that just one hour of moderate-intensity exercise can significantly reduce sensations of hunger in individuals with overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that engaging in physical activity may play a crucial role in appetite regulation, potentially aiding those striving to manage their weight.
The research involved two randomized crossover trials, each separated by at least seven days. Participants completed four-hour sessions that included meals and measurement-taking. One trial incorporated a 60-minute bicycling exercise period, while the other served as a rest period. Each trial was identical except for this variable, allowing researchers to observe the physiological changes associated with exercise versus inactivity.
Significantly, the study found that levels of proteins associated with appetite suppression increased immediately following the hour-long exercise session. Specifically, an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed, which is known to be linked with appetite suppression. Additionally, a reduction in neuropeptide Y (NPY), a hormone associated with appetite stimulation, was noted after exercise. This suggests not only that exercise can enhance feelings of fullness but also that it can reduce hunger-inducing signals in the body.
Dr. Mir Ali, a physician involved in the study, highlighted the complexity surrounding appetite regulation. “Due to the wide variability in protocols — meal status (whether they are fasted or ate food beforehand), exercise mode, duration, and intensity — it is difficult to form a consensus,” he stated. His insights indicate that while this study provides valuable data, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms at play.
Dr. Ali also emphasized the role of proteins like IL-6 and irisin, which are primarily released from skeletal muscle during exercise and are integral to metabolism. “Previous data has shown that the hormone NPY, and signaling proteins IL-6 and irisin, may be involved with energy balance and metabolism,” he explained. “Increased levels of NPY have been associated with appetite stimulation (increased hunger). IL-6 and irisin are mainly released from skeletal muscle and play a role in metabolism as well, with studies showing increased levels of IL-6 are associated with appetite suppression (decreased hunger). Importantly, all may interact with other energy regulating hormones such as ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY.”
The findings provide a promising perspective on how moderate-intensity exercise could serve as a strategic intervention for managing appetite in individuals struggling with weight issues. By understanding the biological responses triggered by physical activity, healthcare providers may better advise patients on lifestyle changes to support weight management.
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