A recent study has revealed that a ketogenic (keto) diet significantly outperformed a Mediterranean diet in improving metabolic health metrics for individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The study, though small in scale, demonstrated the keto diet's superiority in enhancing blood sugar levels, gut microbiota composition, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference compared to its Mediterranean counterpart. However, the benefits of the keto diet were not sustainable in the long term, diminishing after six months of adherence.
Researchers conducted this year-long study by randomly assigning participants to either a very low-calorie ketogenic diet or a Mediterranean-type diet. Participants on the keto diet consumed protein-based meals with minimal carbohydrates, less than 30 grams per day. The study also included anthropometric and metabolic measurements, such as BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and triglycerides, to evaluate effectiveness.
“A keto diet may be a valuable tool in the management of obesity and improvement in insulin resistance in patients […] who cannot lose weight or have variable sugar control.” – Jason Ng, MD, BA
The keto diet proved more effective than the Mediterranean diet in managing metabolic health indicators. It showed beneficial impacts on blood sugar, gut health, and overall physical metrics. Yet, these advantages waned after six months, raising questions regarding its long-term sustainability for type 2 diabetes management.
Despite its initial success, the keto diet comes with potential risks. Experts caution about possible nutrient deficiencies due to limited vegetable and grain intake. Liver and kidney complications may arise from the body's increased demand to metabolize fats and proteins, while constipation and mood changes could occur from insufficient fiber and sugar intake.
“The keto diet can have risks such as nutrient deficiencies, liver issues, constipation, and kidney issues.” – Jason Ng, MD, BA
In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is often considered a more balanced approach despite not being as immediately effective as the keto diet. Its ease of maintenance makes it a practical long-term option for those managing type 2 diabetes.
“A Mediterranean diet,” noted Ng, “is a valuable resource and tool to help people with [type 2 diabetes] control their sugars, improve weight loss, and is likely easier to maintain than a keto diet, and is an established diet that can improve the health of patients with [this condition].” – Jason Ng, MD, BA
Experts suggest that patients focus on nutrient adequacy rather than following restrictive diets. A balanced approach with effective meal planning and proper meal timing is recommended for sustainable diabetes management.
“Rather than following fad diets,” Routhenstein advised, “I recommend focusing on nutrient adequacy, effective meal planning, and a balanced approach that includes proper timing for meals. This strategy is more sustainable for managing type 2 diabetes and improving overall health.” – Routhenstein
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