A recent study has provided reassuring news for older adults concerned about the potential risks of antibiotic use on cognitive health. Over five years, researchers tracked healthy older adults to determine if antibiotics increased the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The findings, however, showed no association between antibiotic use and an increased risk of these conditions. Engaging in mental stimulation and maintaining a healthy diet emerged as crucial factors for keeping the brain active and healthy.
The study monitored 13,571 participants over two years, none of whom developed dementia during this period. Participants underwent cognitive tests at the beginning, after one year, and every two years until the study concluded. Researchers adjusted for various factors, including sociodemographic and lifestyle elements, family history of dementia, baseline cognitive function, and medications affecting cognition.
“The study clearly shows that antibiotic use does not increase the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia for healthy older adults. The results are encouraging, particularly given the prior concerns surrounding antibiotics and gut health. However, as always, antibiotics should be used responsibly and as prescribed by healthcare professionals.”
Throughout the study, 63% of participants had taken antibiotics at least once. Despite earlier concerns about the impact of antibiotics on gut health and potential cognitive effects, the research concluded that antibiotics could treat delirium in older people without increasing dementia risk.
“Elderly patients with infections often become confused, and this transient confusion from an infection is called delirium. Older people being treated with antibiotics should be reassured that using antibiotics will treat delirium and have no effect on getting dementia,” Segil told us.
Older individuals face the highest rate of antibiotic prescriptions, consuming 50% more than younger adults. This statistic underscores the importance of understanding antibiotic use in this demographic. While the study's findings are promising, experts emphasize the need for longer follow-up periods to fully grasp long-term effects.
“While the study is promising, its limitation lies in the relatively short follow-up period. Future studies that examine the long-term effects of antibiotic use are essential to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Additionally, expanding research to include participants with pre-existing health conditions may offer further insights into antibiotic use and cognitive health across diverse populations.”
Engaging in mental stimulation is another key element in maintaining brain health. Activities such as puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or participating in hobbies can keep the brain active. Social engagement through community activities also promotes emotional and cognitive well-being.
“Engaging in mental stimulation, like puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or participating in hobbies, keeps the brain active. Staying socially connected is also important, as social engagement through community activities promotes emotional and cognitive well-being,” he added.
A Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats is recommended for those aiming to support their cognitive function. In addition to dietary considerations, regular physical activity like walking or swimming can further enhance brain health.
“Maintaining a healthy diet is crucial, with a focus on a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, helps support brain health. […] Additionally, prioritizing sleep and stress management by practicing good sleep hygiene and using relaxation techniques can benefit brain health.” — Steve Allder, MD
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