Scientists warn that global temperatures are dangerously close to reaching a critical threshold, with potentially catastrophic consequences for human health and safety. In many tropical and subtropical regions, surpassing the 2-degree Celsius increase from preindustrial levels could result in extreme heat events occurring at least once every 30 years. Earth's current temperature is already 1.6 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average of 13.5° C, indicating that the 2-degree threshold is alarmingly near.
By mid-century, approximately one billion hectares of land—an area equivalent to the size of the United States—could experience temperatures hazardous to human health. This projection represents a tripling of the land area currently facing such dangerous heat levels. As temperatures continue to rise, vast regions across South Asia, South America, West Africa, and parts of the U.S. Southeast may become perilously hot and humid, posing extreme risks even to young and healthy individuals.
In Earth's hottest locales, a rise of 4 or more degrees could trigger extreme heat events that elevate body temperatures beyond 42° C, a level considered lethal. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to these conditions, although all demographics face heightened risks as global temperatures climb.
The potential for extreme heat events underscores the urgency of addressing climate change. Horton, a leading expert in the field, emphasized the critical nature of these findings.
"It's a very compelling argument for the urgency of emissions reduction — as if we didn't already have enough arguments." – Horton
The 2-degree Celsius threshold is a pivotal temperature level that scientists caution will lead to an increase in extreme heat events. The implications are stark: large swaths of Earth may soon become inhospitable for humans due to blistering temperatures.
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