Timor-Leste stands at a critical juncture as it seeks to join the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) under Malaysia's chairmanship. President José Ramos-Horta has expressed optimism about the potential membership, emphasizing the mutual benefits. The nation’s economy heavily relies on oil and gas, accounting for approximately 70% of its GDP and over 80% of state revenue. The government is keen on diversifying its economic base by attracting international investments, notably from countries such as India, Bangladesh, and Lebanon.
Timor-Leste's relationship with China is pivotal, with China being one of the first countries to recognize its independence. President Ramos-Horta asserts that the Chinese presence has significantly benefited the economy. Meanwhile, Timor-Leste maintains a semi-presidential political system, and its unique cultural heritage reflects its history as a former Portuguese colony for over 400 years.
“Really dumb and lazy if we do not benefit”: Timor-Leste president on hopes of joining ASEAN in 2025 – Timor-Leste president
In 2023, ASEAN adopted a roadmap for Timor-Leste’s full membership during a summit in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia. President Ramos-Horta believes that the progress made since then merits immediate membership. The country’s public external debt remains low at approximately US$267 million, only about 13.7% of its non-oil GDP.
The Greater Sunrise oil field presents a significant economic opportunity for Timor-Leste. Located 140km south of the country and 400km northwest of Darwin, its development is crucial for future growth. President Ramos-Horta has expressed gratitude towards neighboring countries such as Australia and Indonesia for their support.
“We have made tremendous progress (since 2023). At the same time, I think ASEAN leaders, most of them, all of them, realise that it is enough, what Timor-Leste has done to merit immediate membership. That it is not realistic, (or) even fair, to expect Timor-Leste to join ASEAN only when it has reached the level of Malaysia, Singapore or Thailand,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
Timor-Leste's diplomatic efforts extend beyond regional partners. President Ramos-Horta’s interactions with global leaders underscore his commitment to fostering international relations. His views on global powers reflect a balanced diplomacy.
“I'm a friend of Xi Jinping. With China, the United States will help resolve many of the world's problems. That is what President Trump says. I very much welcome that,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
“The US is not evil as some claim. (It) is not black and white. It's not all good, all bad,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
“Generally, Chinese presence in Timor-Leste has been enormously beneficial to our economy,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
Timor-Leste's engagement with ASEAN countries has been positive, with leaders expressing support for its membership. The country shares a special relationship with Singapore. Prime Minister Lawrence Wong's visit highlighted Singapore's interest in investing in Timor-Leste’s diverse economy.
“At least in ASEAN countries I have visited, I have never noticed something like the ASEAN Hall,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
“So not every country has been able to do that. We have done it already – more than 70 per cent. Many ASEAN countries are saying there is no need or not fair to expect Timor-Leste to implement all the treaties. It's just enough that we have done plenty,” – Timor-Leste’s President José Ramos-Horta
The nation’s cultural identity plays an essential role in its international image. President Ramos-Horta takes pride in Timor-Leste's batik shirts and cultural traditions, which contribute to its unique heritage.
Timor-Leste’s semi-presidential system allows for a democratic process wherein the president, elected by popular vote for five years, appoints the prime minister. This political stability is crucial as the nation navigates economic challenges and diplomatic engagements.
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