Researchers have identified a significant link between soda consumption and type 2 diabetes through changes in gut bacteria, shedding light on the potential metabolic effects of sugary drinks. The study, conducted with data from over 16,000 Hispanic/Latino individuals in the U.S., highlights the role of nine bacterial species in this relationship. This population was chosen due to both high soda consumption and a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, making them an ideal group for this research.
Decades of evidence have consistently shown that regular soda consumption correlates with poorer health outcomes. Currently, the average intake of soda is 2.7 servings per week. Scientists discovered that compounds related to glycerophospholipid and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are linked to increased diabetes risk and adverse metabolic traits. Notably, individuals consuming two or more sodas daily exhibited reduced numbers of four bacterial species that produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
“Assessing these associations is crucial considering that the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages is increasing worldwide. The current average intake is 2.7 servings per week.” – Lucy McCann, MD, registered associate nutritionist and clinical academic researcher
The researchers found that soda consumption was associated with changes in nine gut bacterial species, with reduced gut bacteria diversity marking a less healthy microbiome. SCFAs, metabolites produced by "good" gut bacteria, play a crucial role in supporting overall health. Reduced levels of SCFAs have been linked to poorer health outcomes, reinforcing the detrimental impact of soda on gut health.
Increased levels of bacterial species linked to inflammation were also associated with soda consumption. Aromatic amino acid (AAA) levels, reduced in individuals with diabetes, further emphasize the metabolic disturbances caused by sugary beverages. Phenylsulfate, a compound produced when gut microbes break down tyrosine, has been linked to diabetes-associated kidney disease.
“Our study suggests a potential mechanism to explain why sugar-sweetened beverages are bad for your metabolism,” said Qi.
The findings provide valuable insights into potential diabetes prevention or management strategies through the gut microbiome. While the results are observational, they underscore the importance of understanding the complex interactions between diet and gut health.
“Although our findings are observational, they provide insights for potential diabetes prevention or management strategies using the gut microbiome.” – Qi
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